Description: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, leading to damage or death of heart tissue. This blockage is typically caused by the formation of a clot in a coronary artery that has been narrowed by the buildup of plaques made of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. Common symptoms include intense chest pain that may radiate to the left arm, jaw, or back, as well as shortness of breath, excessive sweating, and nausea. AMI is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, making it a significant public health issue. Prompt medical attention is crucial, as time is a determining factor in the extent of damage to the heart. Treatment may include medications to dissolve clots, procedures such as angioplasty or stent placement, and in some cases, coronary bypass surgery. Prevention of AMI focuses on managing risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and obesity, as well as promoting a healthy lifestyle.
History: Acute Myocardial Infarction has been recognized for centuries, although its understanding has significantly evolved. In the 19th century, autopsies began to reveal the relationship between coronary disease and infarction. In 1912, cardiologist James Herrick first clinically described myocardial infarction, marking a milestone in cardiovascular medicine. Throughout the 20th century, diagnostic techniques such as electrocardiography (ECG) were developed, and treatments like thrombolysis and angioplasty were introduced, significantly improving survival rates.
Uses: Acute Myocardial Infarction is used in the medical field to refer to a critical condition that requires immediate attention. Its diagnosis and treatment are fundamental in cardiology, and it is employed in emergency protocols to guide medical care. Additionally, it is used in epidemiological studies to analyze the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and in clinical research to evaluate the effectiveness of new treatments.
Examples: An example of Acute Myocardial Infarction is a patient presenting with chest pain and shortness of breath, leading to their admission to the emergency room. After performing an ECG and blood tests, the diagnosis is confirmed, and urgent treatment with anticoagulant medications and possible angioplasty is initiated. Another example is the follow-up of patients with a history of coronary disease who are regularly monitored to prevent future infarctions.
