Description: Agricultural biotechnology refers to the use of scientific tools and techniques to modify plants and animals for agricultural purposes. This discipline combines principles of biology, genetics, microbiology, and biochemistry to improve agricultural production, disease resistance, and adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Through biotechnology, crops can be developed that require fewer resources, such as water and fertilizers, and that are more nutritious. Additionally, it allows for the creation of plant varieties that can resist pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Agricultural biotechnology not only aims to increase productivity but also to contribute to environmental sustainability by promoting more responsible and efficient farming practices. In a world where the population continues to grow and natural resources are limited, agricultural biotechnology presents itself as an innovative solution to face the food challenges of the future, ensuring food security and the conservation of ecosystems.
History: Agricultural biotechnology has its roots in traditional agriculture, where farmers have been selecting and breeding plants and animals for thousands of years. However, the term ‘biotechnology’ began to be used in the 20th century, especially from the 1970s, when genetic engineering techniques were developed. An important milestone was the creation of the first transgenic plant in 1983, marking the beginning of modern biotechnology in agriculture. Since then, agricultural biotechnology has rapidly evolved, with the introduction of genetically modified crops (GMOs) that have been approved and marketed in various countries.
Uses: Agricultural biotechnology is primarily used to develop crops that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and adverse climatic conditions. It is also applied in improving the nutritional quality of foods, such as golden rice, which is enriched with vitamin A. Additionally, it is used for the production of biofertilizers and biopesticides, which are more sustainable alternatives to conventional chemicals. Biotechnology also enables the production of crops that require less water and fertilizers, contributing to more sustainable agriculture.
Examples: A notable example of agricultural biotechnology is Bt corn, which has been genetically modified to produce a protein that is toxic to certain pests, thereby reducing the need for pesticides. Another example is herbicide-resistant soybeans, which allow farmers to control weeds more efficiently. Additionally, golden rice is an emblematic case of how biotechnology can address nutritional deficiency issues in vulnerable populations.
