Description: A biometric credential is an authentication method that uses unique physical or behavioral characteristics of an individual to verify their identity. These characteristics can include fingerprints, facial recognition, iris patterns, voice, among others. The main advantage of biometric credentials is that they are difficult to replicate, making them a secure option for authentication. Unlike passwords, which can be forgotten or stolen, biometric credentials are inherent to the user, providing an additional level of security. In the context of multifactor authentication, biometric credentials are used alongside other verification methods, such as a code sent to a mobile device or a password, to ensure that only the authorized user can access sensitive systems or information. This multifactor approach significantly enhances security, as even if an attacker manages to obtain one credential, they would still need the others to complete the authentication process.
History: The use of biometric characteristics for identification dates back to the late 19th century when fingerprints began to be used in the judicial system. In 1892, Sir Francis Galton published a study on identification through fingerprints, and in 1901, Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso used this method in police investigations. With technological advancements, biometrics evolved, and in the 1960s, facial recognition systems were developed. In the 1990s, biometrics began to be integrated into commercial security systems, and in the 21st century, with the rise of mobile devices, the use of fingerprints and facial recognition became popular in various electronic devices and systems.
Uses: Biometric credentials are used in a variety of applications, including security on mobile devices, access to restricted facilities, border control systems, and in the banking sector for transaction authentication. They are also employed in healthcare to protect sensitive medical information and in electronic voting systems to ensure voter identity.
Examples: Examples of biometric credentials include the use of fingerprints on mobile devices, which allows device unlocking and authentication in applications. Another example is facial recognition used in security systems, where access is granted only to previously registered individuals. Additionally, some financial institutions use iris scanners to authenticate customers at ATMs.
