Description: A biomarker is a biological characteristic that can be measured and evaluated as an indicator of health or disease. These markers can be molecules, genes, proteins, or even physiological characteristics that reflect specific biological processes in the organism. Their relevance lies in their ability to provide information about an individual’s health status, as well as to assist in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of various diseases. Biomarkers are fundamental in biomedical research and clinical practice, as they allow healthcare professionals to make informed decisions based on objective data. Furthermore, their use has expanded with technological advancements, facilitating the identification of specific biomarkers that can be used in personalized therapies and the development of new treatments. In summary, biomarkers are essential tools in modern medicine, contributing to a better understanding of health and disease at the molecular and cellular levels.
History: The concept of a biomarker has evolved since the 1970s when specific biological indicators for diseases such as cancer began to be identified. In 1989, the FDA approved the first biomarker for disease diagnosis, marking a milestone in medicine. Since then, research in this field has grown exponentially, driven by advancements in technologies such as genomics and proteomics.
Uses: Biomarkers are used in various areas, including oncology for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, in cardiovascular diseases to assess risk, and in autoimmune diseases to monitor disease activity. They are also crucial in the research of new drugs and in personalized medicine.
Examples: Examples of biomarkers include prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer, C-reactive protein (CRP) for inflammation, and LDL cholesterol as an indicator of cardiovascular risk.
