Description: Displacement mapping is a technique used in computer graphics that modifies the position of the vertices of a 3D model based on an applied texture. This technique relies on the use of displacement maps, which are grayscale images where lighter tones represent areas that will be raised and darker tones indicate areas that will be lowered. By applying this method, a higher level of detail can be achieved on the surface of objects without the need to increase the polygon count of the model, optimizing graphical performance. Displacement mapping is commonly used in the creation of terrains, rough surfaces, and architectural details, allowing artists and designers to achieve more realistic and complex visual effects. This technique is especially valuable in video games and animation environments, where efficiency and visual quality are crucial. Additionally, displacement mapping can be combined with other texturing techniques, such as normal mapping, to achieve even more impressive results, providing a sense of depth and relief that enriches the viewer’s visual experience.
History: Displacement mapping originated in the 1970s when computer graphics began to evolve rapidly. However, it was in the 1990s that this technique gained popularity, especially with the development of 3D modeling software. In the late 1990s, displacement mapping was formally introduced in computer graphics software, allowing artists to create more detailed surfaces without a significant increase in model complexity. With advancements in graphic technology and increased processing power, displacement mapping has become a standard tool in the film and video game industry.
Uses: Displacement mapping is used in various applications within computer graphics, including video game creation, animated films, and architectural visualization. It allows designers to add complex details to surfaces without the need to increase the polygon count, improving real-time performance. It is also used in terrain simulation, where a high level of detail in topography is required, as well as in the creation of characters and objects with complex surface features.
Examples: A notable example of displacement mapping can be found in the video game ‘The Last of Us Part II’, where it is used to create realistic and detailed environments. Another example is in the film ‘Avatar’, where this technique was applied to generate alien landscapes with complex textures. Additionally, in architectural visualization, displacement mapping is used to represent details on building facades and terrain surfaces.
