Description: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, known as hyperglycemia. This condition can result from insufficient insulin production, insulin resistance, or a combination of both factors. Insulin is a crucial hormone produced by the pancreas that allows glucose to enter cells to be used as energy. There are several types of diabetes, with the most common being type 1 diabetes, which typically develops in childhood or adolescence and results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells; and type 2 diabetes, which usually appears in adults and is associated with obesity and lifestyle factors. Gestational diabetes is another type that occurs during pregnancy and can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later on. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to serious complications such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage, neuropathy, and vision problems. Therefore, proper management is essential to maintain the quality of life for those affected and to prevent long-term complications.
History: The term ‘diabetes’ comes from the Greek ‘siphon’, describing the frequent need to urinate in people with this disease. Diabetes has been recognized since ancient times, with records dating back to around 1500 BC in ancient Egypt. However, it was in the 19th century that its mechanisms began to be better understood, especially with the discovery of insulin in 1921 by Frederick Banting and Charles Best, which revolutionized the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Uses: Diabetes is managed through a combination of lifestyle changes, blood glucose monitoring, and, in many cases, medication. Insulin is essential for patients with type 1 diabetes, while patients with type 2 diabetes may benefit from oral medications and dietary changes. Additionally, diabetes education is crucial to help patients manage their condition.
Examples: A practical example of diabetes management is the use of continuous glucose monitors, which allow patients to track their blood sugar levels in real-time. Another example is the use of insulin pumps, which deliver insulin continuously and adjust the dosage according to the patient’s needs.
