Description: A distributed sensor network is a system composed of multiple sensors that are spread over a wide area to collaboratively collect data. These sensors can measure various variables such as temperature, humidity, pressure, or air quality, and are interconnected, allowing them to communicate with each other as well as with a central processing unit. The main feature of these networks is their ability to operate autonomously and in real-time, enabling continuous monitoring of specific environments. The implementation of distributed sensor networks is based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, where each sensor acts as a node that sends data through wireless or wired networks. This not only optimizes data collection but also enhances decision-making efficiency, as large volumes of information can be analyzed quickly and accurately. Additionally, these networks are scalable, meaning that more sensors can be added as needed, adapting to different requirements and environments. Their relevance lies in their ability to transform data into useful information, facilitating resource management and real-time event response.
History: Distributed sensor networks began to be developed in the 1980s, with early experiments in military and academic settings. One significant milestone was the University of California, Berkeley’s ‘Smart Dust’ project launched in 2001, which consisted of micro-sensors capable of detecting and communicating data. As technology advanced, especially with the advent of wireless connectivity and the Internet of Things (IoT), these networks became more accessible and versatile, finding applications across various industries.
Uses: Distributed sensor networks are used in a variety of applications, including environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, smart cities, water resource management, public health, and security. In agriculture, for example, they allow for tracking soil and climate conditions to optimize irrigation and fertilizer use. In urban settings, they are used for traffic management, waste management, and air quality monitoring.
Examples: A practical example of a distributed sensor network is the air quality monitoring system in cities, where multiple sensors are placed in different locations to measure pollutants and provide real-time data to authorities. Another example is the use of sensors in precision agriculture, where they are installed in fields to measure soil moisture and optimize irrigation.
