Description: The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that detects electrical activity in the brain. This non-invasive technique records voltage fluctuations resulting from neuronal activity through electrodes placed on the scalp. The data obtained is represented in the form of waves, which can be analyzed to assess brain function. EEG is fundamental in neurological research and in diagnosing various medical conditions, such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries. Its ability to provide real-time information about brain activity makes it a valuable tool in clinical and research settings. Additionally, the use of platforms like Arduino has allowed enthusiasts and professionals to develop customized EEG devices, facilitating access to this technology and promoting innovation in the field of neuroscience.
History: The electroencephalogram was developed in 1924 by German physician Hans Berger, who was the first to record the electrical activity of the human brain. His initial work was largely unrecognized, but in the 1930s, EEG began to gain recognition in the medical community. Over the years, the technology has evolved, improving the accuracy and resolution of recordings. In the 1950s, EEG became a standard tool in the diagnosis of neurological disorders, and since then it has been used in various research studies on brain function.
Uses: EEG is primarily used to diagnose neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, where it helps identify and classify seizures. It is also employed in the study of sleep disorders, allowing doctors to assess brain activity during different sleep phases. Additionally, EEG is useful in research on cognition, attention, and memory, as well as in monitoring patients in a coma or with brain damage.
Examples: A practical example of EEG use is in research on attention and concentration, where brain waves can be measured while participants perform specific tasks. Another case is the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCI), where EEG devices are used to allow individuals to control electronic devices solely with their brain activity. Additionally, some DIY projects have enabled enthusiasts to create their own EEG devices to experiment with neurotechnology.
