Description: The ecosystem approach is a comprehensive strategy that seeks the sustainable management of natural resources, considering the interactions between the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. This approach focuses on the interconnection of land, water, and living resources, promoting a holistic vision that recognizes that ecosystems are not just a collection of isolated elements but dynamic systems where each component influences the others. By adopting an ecosystem approach, the aim is to optimize resource use, minimize negative impacts on the environment, and foster the resilience of ecosystems to changes and disturbances. This approach is particularly relevant in the management of rural and urban areas, where decisions about land use, water conservation, and biodiversity must be made in a coordinated manner and based on science. Furthermore, the ecosystem approach promotes the participation of local communities, integrating their knowledge and traditional practices into resource management, which contributes to greater acceptance and effectiveness of the strategies implemented.
History: The ecosystem approach began to take shape in the 1970s when the need to integrate environmental management with sustainable development was recognized. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972 was a significant milestone that laid the groundwork for a more holistic approach to resource management. Over the years, various international organizations, such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Convention on Biological Diversity, have promoted this approach as a way to address contemporary environmental challenges.
Uses: The ecosystem approach is used in various areas, including water resource management, biodiversity conservation, land use planning, and sustainable agriculture. It is applied in the development of environmental policies, in the management of protected areas, and in ecological restoration projects, where the aim is to balance human needs with ecosystem conservation.
Examples: A practical example of the ecosystem approach is the integrated management of watersheds, where the interactions between land use, water quality, and biodiversity are considered. Another case is the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices that promote soil conservation and efficient water use, such as agroecology. Additionally, in urban planning, ecosystem principles can be applied to create green spaces that enhance quality of life and biodiversity in cities.
