Description: The Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) is a United States legislation that establishes a framework for information security management in federal agencies. Its primary goal is to ensure that information systems used by the federal government are adequately protected against threats and vulnerabilities. FISMA requires agencies to implement an information security program that includes risk identification, security control implementation, and continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of those controls. This law also promotes the creation of policies and procedures that ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. Through FISMA, the aim is not only to protect sensitive government information but also to foster public trust in the government’s ability to handle data securely and responsibly.
History: FISMA was enacted in 2002 as part of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, in response to growing concerns about information security following the September 11, 2001, attacks. The law was designed to enhance the security of federal information systems and is based on recommendations from the National Security Commission report. In 2014, FISMA was updated by the Federal Information Security Modernization Act, which introduced new guidelines and requirements for information security management.
Uses: FISMA is primarily used to establish security standards for U.S. federal agencies and to ensure that these agencies implement effective information security programs. Agencies must conduct risk assessments, implement security controls, and perform audits to evaluate the effectiveness of their security programs. Additionally, FISMA also applies to contractors handling government information, ensuring that they also comply with established security standards.
Examples: A practical example of FISMA’s application is the use of risk assessments in U.S. federal agencies, where regular audits are conducted to ensure that information systems meet security standards. Another example is the implementation of access controls and encryption in databases containing sensitive information, such as personal data of citizens or classified information.
