Description: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a standard developed to describe protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks. This system revolutionized mobile communication by enabling voice and data transmission over digital networks, significantly improving call quality and spectrum efficiency. GSM employs time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) techniques, allowing multiple users to share the same communication channel. Additionally, GSM introduced the ability to send text messages (SMS), which became one of its most popular features. The GSM architecture includes key components such as the Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controller (BSC), and Mobile Switching Center (MSC), which work together to manage calls and user connectivity. This system not only facilitated communication between mobile phones but also laid the groundwork for the development of later technologies such as 3G and 4G by establishing standards for interoperability and security in mobile communications.
History: GSM was developed in Europe in the 1980s with the aim of creating a unified standard for mobile communications. The first commercial launch of GSM took place in 1991 in Finland. Since then, the system has evolved, incorporating enhancements such as GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution), which allowed for higher data transmission speeds.
Uses: GSM is primarily used for voice communication and data transmission in mobile devices. It also serves as the foundation for services such as SMS, international roaming, and mobile data services, which have evolved over time.
Examples: A practical example of GSM is the use of mobile phones to make calls and send text messages. Additionally, many IoT (Internet of Things) devices use GSM modules to connect to mobile networks and transmit data.
