Description: Applied immunology is a branch of biomedical science that focuses on the use of immunological principles and knowledge to address health issues and develop treatments. This discipline combines immunological theory with clinical practice, enabling the creation of innovative therapies and more accurate diagnostics. By understanding how the immune system responds to pathogens, tumor cells, and other external agents, researchers and physicians can design strategies to prevent and treat diseases. Applied immunology encompasses various areas, including vaccinology, immunotherapy, and the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Its relevance lies in its ability to transform basic research into clinical applications, thereby improving public health and the quality of life for patients. In a world where infectious and chronic diseases remain a challenge, applied immunology emerges as an essential tool for medical innovation and the development of new therapeutic solutions.
History: Applied immunology began to take shape in the late 19th century with the work of Louis Pasteur and Edward Jenner, who laid the foundations for vaccination. Throughout the 20th century, the understanding of the immune system expanded significantly, especially with the discovery of antibodies and the characterization of immune cells. In the 1970s and 1980s, the introduction of techniques such as cell hybridization and molecular biology enabled advances in the production of monoclonal antibodies, revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Since then, applied immunology has evolved, integrating emerging technologies and multidisciplinary approaches to address complex health issues.
Uses: Applied immunology is used in various areas of medicine, including vaccine development, the creation of immunological therapies for cancer treatment, and the management of autoimmune diseases. It is also applied in researching new strategies to combat viral and bacterial infections, as well as improving diagnostics through serological and molecular tests. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in personalized medicine, where immune profiles are used to tailor treatments to the specific needs of each patient.
Examples: An example of applied immunology is the development of CAR-T therapy, which uses genetically modified T cells to attack cancer cells. Another case is the creation of vaccines against infectious diseases, such as the COVID-19 vaccine, which is based on messenger RNA technology to induce an immune response. Additionally, diagnostic tests for autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, use principles of applied immunology to identify specific markers in patients.
