Description: The jugular veins are large blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart. They are mainly divided into two types: the internal jugular vein and the external jugular vein. The internal jugular vein is larger and is responsible for draining blood from the deep structures of the neck, including the brain, while the external jugular vein drains blood from the superficial areas of the neck and face. Both veins are located on each side of the neck and are essential for venous return, facilitating blood circulation to the heart. Their anatomy is complex, as they are surrounded by nerves, arteries, and other tissues, making them a critical point in medical and surgical procedures. The location of the jugular veins also makes them accessible for catheter insertion, which is crucial in emergency situations and prolonged medical treatments. Their function is vital, as any obstruction or damage to these veins can lead to serious complications, such as venous thrombosis or circulatory problems in the brain and head.
