Description: Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are formed in the brain, a phenomenon that challenges the old belief that humans are born with a fixed number of neurons. This process primarily occurs in the hippocampus, a brain region associated with memory and learning. Neurogenesis is crucial for brain plasticity, allowing the brain to adapt and respond to new experiences. Factors such as age, stress, physical activity, and cognitive stimulation can influence the rate of neurogenesis. Research in this field has revealed that neurogenesis is not only vital for brain development in childhood but can also continue in adulthood, opening new possibilities for rehabilitation from brain injuries and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, it has been shown that certain lifestyle habits, such as regular exercise and meditation, can promote the production of new neurons, suggesting that the brain is more dynamic and adaptable than previously thought. In the context of artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing, neurogenesis may inspire new models that mimic the human brain’s ability to learn and adapt throughout life.
History: Neurogenesis was considered an exclusive process of the embryonic stage until the late 20th century. In 1962, neuroscientist Joseph Altman conducted experiments that demonstrated the formation of new neurons in adult rats, but his work was initially overlooked. In the 1990s, research by Fred Gage and others confirmed that neurogenesis also occurs in humans, particularly in the hippocampus. This discovery revolutionized the understanding of brain plasticity and opened new avenues for research in neuroscience.
Uses: Neurogenesis has applications in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety, where reduced neurogenesis has been observed to contribute to symptoms. Additionally, its role in recovery from brain injuries and healthy aging is being researched, suggesting that promoting neurogenesis could enhance cognitive function in older adults.
Examples: An example of research on neurogenesis is the study that demonstrated that regular physical exercise can increase the production of new neurons in the hippocampus of rats. Another case is the use of antidepressants, which has been associated with an increase in neurogenesis, suggesting a potential mechanism for their effectiveness in treating depression.
