Description: A pulse oximeter is a device that measures the amount of oxygen in the blood, specifically oxygen saturation (SpO2). This device, commonly used in medical settings, has evolved to become an accessible wearable for the general public. Pulse oximeters operate on an optical principle known as absorption spectroscopy, where they emit light through the skin and measure the amount of light absorbed by the blood. This allows for the determination of the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen compared to total hemoglobin. The importance of these devices lies in their ability to provide critical information about a person’s respiratory health, which is essential in emergency situations as well as in monitoring chronic conditions such as COPD or sleep apnea. Additionally, their compact and portable design makes them ideal for daily use, allowing users to proactively and in real-time monitor their health.
History: The first device for measuring oxygen saturation was developed in the 1940s by Dr. Takuo Aoyagi, who introduced the concept of absorption spectroscopy to measure blood oxygenation. However, pulse oximeters became popular in the 1980s when they began to be used in hospitals and clinics to monitor patients during surgeries and in intensive care units. With advancements in technology, these devices have been miniaturized and made more accessible, allowing for their use at home and in everyday activities.
Uses: Pulse oximeters are primarily used in medical settings to monitor patients’ respiratory health. They are essential in emergency situations, such as asthma attacks or respiratory failure, where blood oxygen levels can drop dangerously. Additionally, they are used by individuals with chronic illnesses such as COPD or pulmonary fibrosis to manage their condition. In the sports realm, athletes use them to assess their performance and adaptation to different altitudes.
Examples: A practical example of using a pulse oximeter is in monitoring patients with COVID-19, where it has been observed that oxygen saturation can drop without obvious symptoms. Another case is the use of these devices by mountaineers climbing at high altitudes, where oxygen in the air is scarce, to ensure that their saturation remains at safe levels.
