Description: Overfishing refers to the decline of fish populations due to excessive fishing that exceeds the recovery capacity of species. This phenomenon not only affects target species but also impacts the marine ecosystem as a whole, altering food chains and biodiversity. Overfishing can result from unsustainable fishing practices, such as the use of trawl nets that catch unwanted species, or illegal and unregulated fishing. As fish populations decline, effects are generated on the economy of communities that depend on fishing, as well as on global food security. Overfishing is a critical problem that requires urgent attention, as many species are on the brink of extinction and marine ecosystems are in danger. Sustainable management of fishery resources is essential to ensure the health of oceans and the viability of fishing in the long term.
History: Overfishing has been a growing problem since the 20th century, when the industrialization of fishing allowed for massive catches. In the 1950s, the introduction of advanced technologies, such as larger fishing boats and more efficient nets, exacerbated the situation. In 1992, the overfishing of cod in Newfoundland led to a moratorium declaration that severely affected the Canadian fishing industry. Since then, various policies and international agreements have been implemented to address overfishing, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) and the Agreement on Fish Stocks (1995).
Uses: Overfishing is used as a term to describe the excessive exploitation of fishery resources, leading to the need for sustainable fishing practices. It applies in the management of marine resources, in the formulation of fishing policies, and in education about ocean conservation. Environmental organizations and governments use the concept of overfishing to advocate for stricter regulations and to promote responsible fishing.
Examples: An example of overfishing is the situation of bluefin tuna in the Atlantic, whose population has drastically declined due to excessive fishing. Another case is that of cod in the Atlantic Ocean, which suffered overexploitation that led to a moratorium on its fishing in Canada. Additionally, trawling has been criticized for its impact on non-target species populations and marine ecosystems.
