Description: Pharming is a cyber attack designed to redirect a legitimate user to a fraudulent website without their consent. Unlike phishing, which uses deceptive emails to lure users to a fake site, pharming manipulates domain name resolution (DNS) to lead users to malicious web pages. This type of attack can be particularly dangerous, as it can occur without the user’s knowledge of being redirected. Attackers may use various techniques, such as modifying the hosts file on the victim’s device or exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS servers or applications. Once redirected, the user may fall victim to identity theft, such as password and banking information theft, which can result in significant financial losses. Preventing pharming involves using antivirus and antimalware software, as well as implementing network security measures like two-factor authentication and educating users about online security risks.
History: The term ‘pharming’ emerged in the early 2000s as phishing attacks began to proliferate. As cybercriminals sought more sophisticated methods to deceive users, pharming became a popular technique. One of the first documented incidents occurred in 2005 when a group of hackers compromised a DNS server, redirecting users from a bank to a fake website. Since then, pharming has evolved, with more complex attacks using advanced techniques to bypass security measures.
Uses: Pharming is primarily used to carry out online fraud, such as identity theft and unauthorized access to bank accounts. Attackers can redirect users to fake sites that mimic financial institutions, social networks, or e-commerce platforms to collect sensitive information. Additionally, pharming can be used as part of broader attacks, combining with malware to enhance its effectiveness.
Examples: A notable example of pharming occurred in 2007 when a group of hackers compromised a DNS server of a telecommunications company, redirecting thousands of users to a fake website that mimicked a bank. Another case occurred in 2016 when malware called DNSChanger was discovered to have infected millions of computers, altering DNS settings to redirect users to malicious sites. These examples illustrate how pharming can have a significant impact on online user security.
