Description: Planetary boundaries are critical thresholds that define the safe operating space for humanity in relation to Earth’s systems. These boundaries are established based on key environmental variables such as climate change, biodiversity loss, alteration of biogeochemical cycles, and freshwater use, among others. Crossing these boundaries risks triggering catastrophic environmental changes that could compromise the stability of the Earth system and, consequently, human survival. The concept of planetary boundaries emphasizes the interconnectedness of different environmental systems and the need for a holistic approach to natural resource management. This idea has become fundamental in the sustainability discourse, as it provides a framework for understanding the pressures human activity exerts on the planet and the urgency of adopting more sustainable practices. In a world where population and consumption continue to grow, recognizing and respecting these boundaries becomes essential to ensure a viable future for generations to come.
History: The concept of planetary boundaries was introduced in 2009 by a group of scientists led by Johan Rockström from the Stockholm Resilience Centre. In their article published in ‘Ecology and Society’, nine boundaries were identified that, if crossed, could lead to drastic changes in the Earth system. Since then, this framework has been the subject of numerous studies and debates, expanding its application in environmental policies and sustainability.
Uses: Planetary boundaries are used as a tool to guide environmental policies and sustainability strategies. They allow governments, organizations, and companies to assess their environmental impact and set clear goals to reduce their ecological footprint. Additionally, they serve as a basis for scientific research aimed at better understanding the interactions between natural systems and human activities.
Examples: A practical example of the application of planetary boundaries is the use of sustainability indicators in urban planning. Cities have implemented policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions and enhancing biodiversity, aligning with the established boundaries. Another case is the commitment of companies that have adopted sustainability goals based on these boundaries to minimize their environmental impact.
