Description: Restrict means to limit the permissions or access that a user or process has. In the context of computer security, this practice is fundamental to protecting sensitive systems and data. Restricting involves establishing controls that prevent users or applications from performing unauthorized actions, which helps to prevent vulnerabilities and attacks. This limitation can be applied at different levels, from access to files and system resources to the execution of specific programs or actions. Security tools like mandatory access control systems utilize restriction policies to define what a process can and cannot do within a computing environment. These policies are essential for maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of information, as well as ensuring that systems function securely and efficiently. In summary, restricting is a key practice in system security management, aimed at minimizing risks and protecting technological infrastructure from external and internal threats.
History: SELinux was developed by the National Security Agency (NSA) in the year 2000 as a response to the growing need for security in operating systems. Its design is based on the mandatory access control (MAC) model, which allows for detailed security policy definitions. On the other hand, AppArmor was created by the company Immunix in 2003 and focuses on simplicity and ease of use, allowing administrators to define security profiles for specific applications. Both systems have evolved over time, incorporating improvements and adapting to new threats in the field of cybersecurity.
Uses: SELinux and AppArmor are primarily used in various operating environments to enhance security. SELinux is applied in contexts where stricter access control is required, such as servers and critical systems, while AppArmor is preferred in situations where ease of configuration and use is a priority. Both systems allow administrators to define which resources can be accessed by applications and users, thereby limiting the potential for damage in the event of a security breach.
Examples: An example of SELinux usage is in a web server, where policies can be set to restrict access to sensitive configuration files only to authorized processes. In the case of AppArmor, an example would be creating a profile that limits the actions of a web browser, allowing it to access only certain directories and preventing it from executing dangerous commands. These implementations help protect systems from attacks and vulnerabilities.
