Description: The Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an open standard that enables the exchange of authentication and authorization data between different parties, particularly between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP). This language is based on XML and facilitates the secure communication of information about a user’s identity, as well as their access rights to specific resources. SAML allows users to authenticate once and access multiple applications without needing to re-enter their credentials, known as Single Sign-On (SSO). This approach not only enhances user experience but also reduces the administrative burden related to password management. SAML is widely used in various environments, where the integration of multiple applications and services is common. Its ability to provide a robust and flexible security framework makes it an essential tool in identity and access management, ensuring that only authorized users can access sensitive information and critical resources.
History: SAML was developed by OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards), with its first version, SAML 1.0, published in November 2002. Since then, it has evolved through several versions, with SAML 2.0 released in March 2005, introducing significant improvements in interoperability and security. Over the years, SAML has been adopted by numerous organizations and platforms, becoming a de facto standard for identity management on the web.
Uses: SAML is primarily used to implement Single Sign-On (SSO) in web applications, allowing users to authenticate once and access multiple services without needing to re-enter their credentials. It is also used in various environments to facilitate the integration of third-party applications and in identity management systems, where secure exchange of authentication and authorization information is required.
Examples: A practical example of SAML is its use in educational platforms like Moodle, where students can access different resources and applications with a single authentication. Another example is the use of SAML in cloud services like Google Workspace, which allows organizations to manage employee access to various applications using a single set of credentials.
