Description: A tree traversal algorithm is a set of instructions designed to visit all nodes in a tree systematically. Trees are hierarchical data structures consisting of nodes connected by edges, where each node can have zero or more child nodes. Traversal algorithms are fundamental in computer science and are used to explore and process the information contained in these structures. There are several traversal methods, with the most common being depth-first search (DFS) and breadth-first search (BFS). Depth-first traversal explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking, while breadth-first traversal visits all nodes at one level before moving to the next. These algorithms are essential for tasks such as information retrieval, route optimization, and hierarchical data representation. The efficiency of these algorithms is measured in terms of time and space complexity, making them valuable tools in software development and solving complex computational problems.
