Description: The macro virus is a type of malware that embeds itself in documents that use macros, especially in office applications. Macros are sequences of commands that automate repetitive tasks, making them very useful for users. However, this functionality can also be exploited by attackers to execute malicious code. When a user opens an infected document, the macro virus activates and can perform various harmful actions, such as stealing information, modifying files, or spreading to other documents. This type of virus is characterized by its ability to hide in seemingly harmless files, making detection difficult. The spread of macro viruses has been facilitated by the widespread use of office documents in various environments, making them an attractive vector for cybercriminals. Protection against these viruses includes using updated antivirus software, disabling macros in documents from unknown sources, and educating users about the risks associated with opening suspicious attachments.
History: Macro viruses began to appear in the late 1980s, coinciding with the popularization of office applications that allowed the use of macros. One of the first and most well-known was the ‘Concept’ virus, which was detected in 1995 and spread through documents. As macros became more common, so did the viruses that exploited them, leading to an increase in awareness about cybersecurity and the need to protect against such threats. Over the years, various techniques have been developed to detect and remove macro viruses, as well as security measures to prevent their spread.
Uses: Macro viruses are primarily used to carry out malicious activities, such as stealing personal information, installing other types of malware, or spreading through shared documents. Attackers can create documents that appear legitimate, such as reports or invoices, to trick users into enabling macros, allowing them to execute malicious code. Additionally, these viruses can be used in targeted attacks on organizations, where the goal is to compromise the security of sensitive information.
Examples: A notable example of a macro virus is ‘Melissa’, which spread through emails in 1999 and caused significant damage to computer systems worldwide. Another case is the ‘Concept’ virus, which infected documents and spread rapidly among users. These examples illustrate how macro viruses can be used to cause massive disruptions and economic losses.
