Description: Vascular access is the process of gaining access to the vascular system for medical purposes. This procedure is fundamental in clinical practice as it allows for the administration of treatments, collection of samples, and monitoring of patient health. Vascular access can be achieved through various methods, such as the insertion of catheters, needles, or special devices into veins or arteries. The choice of method depends on the patient’s condition, the duration of treatment, and the type of intervention required. This access can be temporary or permanent and is used in various situations, from administering intravenous medications to performing dialysis. Proper execution of this procedure is crucial to minimize risks, such as infections or vascular complications, and requires technical skills and anatomical knowledge from medical personnel. Additionally, vascular access is an essential component in emergency situations, where time and effectiveness are vital for patient care.
History: Vascular access has significantly evolved since its inception. In the 19th century, the first attempts at venous access were performed with rudimentary techniques and without anesthesia. With advancements in medicine and technology, more sophisticated catheters and safer insertion techniques were developed. In the 1960s, central catheters were introduced, allowing for more prolonged and effective access to the vascular system. Since then, research and innovation have led to the creation of specialized devices and minimally invasive techniques, improving the safety and efficacy of vascular access.
Uses: Vascular access is used in a variety of medical applications, including the administration of intravenous medications, blood transfusions, parenteral nutrition, and hemodialysis. It is also essential in surgical procedures and in monitoring central venous pressure. In emergency situations, vascular access allows for the rapid administration of fluids and critical medications, which can be vital for patient survival.
Examples: An example of vascular access is the insertion of a central catheter in patients requiring long-term treatment, such as those with cancer needing chemotherapy. Another example is the use of a peripheral venous access for the administration of antibiotics in hospitalized patients. In emergency situations, intraosseous access can be performed in patients who do not have accessible veins.
