Description: V2G (Vehicle to Grid) is an innovative system that allows electric vehicles (EVs) not only to consume energy from the electrical grid but also to return electricity to it. This process is carried out through a bidirectional charging infrastructure that connects vehicles to the grid, facilitating energy transfer in both directions. The V2G technology is based on the idea that electric vehicles, when parked and connected to the grid, can act as stored energy sources, contributing to the stability of the electrical grid. This is particularly relevant in a context where renewable energies, such as solar and wind, are on the rise, as the ability to store and return energy can help balance supply and demand. Additionally, the V2G system can offer economic benefits to electric vehicle owners, who can receive compensation for the energy they return to the grid. In summary, V2G represents an intersection between electric mobility and energy management, promoting a more efficient use of energy resources and contributing to a more sustainable future.
History: The idea of V2G began to take shape in the late 1990s when the possibilities of electric vehicles as energy sources were explored. In 2001, the term ‘Vehicle-to-Grid’ was coined by Dr. Willett Kempton and his team at the University of Delaware, who conducted research on how electric vehicles could integrate into the electrical grid. Since then, several pilot projects and studies have demonstrated the feasibility of this technology, and in the last decade, there has been a significant increase in interest and investment in V2G solutions, especially with the growth of electric mobility.
Uses: V2G has multiple applications, primarily in energy management and grid stability. It allows electric vehicle owners to participate in demand response programs, where they can sell energy back to the grid during peak demand. It is also used to balance the load on the grid, especially at times when renewable energy production is high and demand is low. Additionally, it can help reduce electricity costs for users by allowing them to use stored energy in their vehicles during peak hours.
Examples: A practical example of V2G can be seen in the University of Delaware project, where electric vehicles returned energy to the grid during peak demand periods. Another case is Nissan’s V2G program in Japan, where owners of Leaf electric vehicles can return energy to the grid and receive compensation. In Europe, several countries are exploring the integration of V2G into their electrical infrastructures as part of their strategies to promote the use of renewable energies.
