Description: Web single sign-on (SSO) is a user authentication process that allows a user to access multiple applications with a single set of login credentials. This approach simplifies the user experience by eliminating the need to remember multiple passwords and usernames for different services. Instead of entering credentials for each application, the user authenticates once and gains access to all authorized applications. Key features of SSO include centralized identity management, enhanced security by reducing the risk of weak or reused passwords, and optimized access time to resources. Additionally, SSO can integrate with security protocols such as SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) and OAuth, allowing secure communication between identity providers and applications. The relevance of SSO lies in its ability to facilitate access management in enterprise and cloud environments, where users interact with multiple applications and services. In summary, web single sign-on not only improves the user experience but also contributes to more efficient and effective security management.
History: The concept of single sign-on dates back to the 1980s when centralized authentication systems began to be developed. However, the term ‘single sign-on’ gained popularity in the 1990s with the rise of the Internet and the need to manage multiple credentials in an online environment. In 2002, the SAML standard was established, allowing interoperability between different authentication systems and facilitating the implementation of SSO in web applications. Over the years, SSO has evolved with the emergence of new technologies and security protocols, such as OAuth and OpenID, which have expanded its use in mobile applications and cloud services.
Uses: Single sign-on is primarily used in enterprise environments where employees need to access multiple applications and services. It facilitates identity management by allowing administrators to control access to different resources from a single point. It is also used in cloud service platforms, where users can access applications with a single login. Additionally, SSO is common in mobile applications and websites that require authentication, enhancing the user experience by simplifying the login process.
Examples: Examples of single sign-on include using Google to access third-party applications like Trello or Slack, where users can log in using their Google credentials. Another example is Microsoft’s SSO system, which allows users to access various applications with a single set of credentials. Additionally, many organizations use SSO solutions like Okta or OneLogin to manage access to their internal and external applications.
