Description: Watermarks are a fundamental concept in real-time data stream processing, especially in systems that utilize event time processing. They refer to markers that use watermarks for event time processing, allowing systems to handle data that arrives in an unordered or late manner. In this context, a watermark is an indicator that signals that all events with a timestamp earlier than the watermark have been processed. This is crucial for ensuring accuracy and consistency in data processing, as it allows systems to make informed decisions about when certain calculations or aggregations can be considered complete. Watermarks help manage latency and optimize system performance, enabling data to be processed efficiently even in environments where event arrival is irregular. In summary, watermarks are an essential tool for time management in stream processing, ensuring that systems can operate effectively and accurately in real-time.
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