Description: Xanthoma is a benign growth that develops beneath the skin, characterized by the accumulation of lipids, especially cholesterol. These fatty deposits often appear as yellowish spots or nodules on the skin and are more common in areas such as the elbows, knees, eyelids, and hands. Although xanthomas can be asymptomatic, their presence often indicates an underlying lipid disorder, such as hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia. The formation of xanthomas can be a sign that the body is not properly metabolizing fats, which can lead to cardiovascular complications if left untreated. There are different types of xanthomas, including tuberous xanthomas, eruptive xanthomas, and tendinous xanthomas, each with specific characteristics and preferred locations on the body. Diagnosis is generally made through a physical examination, and in some cases, blood tests may be required to assess lipid levels. Although they are not dangerous in themselves, xanthomas can be an important indicator of more serious health issues, making their identification and treatment relevant in the fields of dermatology and internal medicine.
History: The term ‘xanthoma’ comes from the Greek ‘xanthos’, meaning yellow, and has been used in medical literature since the 19th century. As the understanding of metabolic diseases advanced, the relationship between xanthomas and lipid disorders was recognized. In the 1930s, more precise classifications of xanthomas were established, allowing physicians to better identify the underlying conditions associated with their appearance.
Uses: Xanthomas are used in clinical practice as indicators of lipid disorders. Their identification can lead to the evaluation of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients, which is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, in some cases, xanthomas may be surgically removed for aesthetic reasons or if they cause discomfort.
Examples: An example of xanthoma is eruptive xanthoma, which appears as multiple yellowish lesions on the skin of individuals with very high triglyceride levels. Another example is tendinous xanthoma, which forms on the tendons of the hands and feet, often associated with familial hypercholesterolemia.
