Description: Zarzuela is a Spanish lyrical-dramatic genre that combines music, singing, and spoken dialogue. It is characterized by its varied structure, which includes arias, duets, and ensemble numbers interspersed with dialogue scenes. This theatrical style is distinguished by its ability to address themes of everyday life, history, and Spanish culture, often with a touch of humor and social critique. Zarzuela can be considered a form of popular entertainment that has evolved over the centuries, adapting to social and cultural changes. Its music, ranging from classical to popular, allows for a wide range of artistic expressions, making it an accessible and appealing medium for audiences. Zarzuela is not only a reflection of Spanish identity but has also influenced other musical and theatrical genres, establishing itself as a cornerstone of Hispanic culture.
History: Zarzuela has its roots in the 17th century when similar style works were performed at the Spanish court. Its name comes from the Palacio de la Zarzuela, where these works were staged. Throughout the 19th century, zarzuela became established as a popular genre, especially with the works of composers like Francisco Álvarez García and later, with emblematic figures such as Francisco Sorozábal and Joaquín Turina. Zarzuela experienced a boom in the 20th century, becoming a symbol of Spanish culture, although it suffered a decline during Franco’s dictatorship. However, in recent decades it has made a resurgence, adapting to new contexts and audiences.
Uses: Zarzuela is primarily used as a form of entertainment in theaters and festivals, where works combining music and drama are performed. It is also employed in music education, as it allows students to explore Spanish culture and history through music. Additionally, zarzuela has been adapted to other media, such as television and film, expanding its reach and popularity.
Examples: Notable examples of zarzuela include ‘La verbena de la Paloma’ by Tomás Bretón, ‘El barberillo de Lavapiés’ by Francisco Álvarez García, and ‘Doña Francisquita’ by Amadeo Vives. These works are representative of the genre and have been performed on numerous stages both in Spain and abroad.
