Description: Acanthaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes around 250 genera and over 2,500 species. These plants are predominantly tropical and are found in various regions of the world, although their greatest diversity is concentrated in Central and South America, as well as in Africa and Asia. Acanthaceae are characterized by their opposite or alternate leaves, often with serrated margins, and their flowers, which are usually tubular and brightly colored, making them attractive to pollinators such as birds and butterflies. The structure of their flowers is complex, with a calyx that can be bell-shaped and a corolla that generally features two lips. This family includes both herbaceous plants and shrubs, and in some cases, small trees. Their adaptability to different habitats, from tropical rainforests to drier areas, makes them a fascinating group within the plant kingdom. Additionally, many species of Acanthaceae are valued for their ornamental beauty and are used in gardening and landscaping, highlighting their importance in modern horticulture.
Uses: Acanthaceae have multiple uses, both ornamental and medicinal. Many species are cultivated for their aesthetic appeal in gardens and landscapes, thanks to their colorful flowers and lush foliage. Additionally, some plants from this family, such as ‘Justicia brandegeeana’, are used in traditional medicine in various cultures, where they are attributed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Their applications in the production of natural dyes and in the crafting of artisanal products have also been explored.
Examples: A notable example of Acanthaceae is ‘Thunbergia alata’, commonly known as the ‘clock flower’, which is widely used in gardening for its ability to climb and cover pergolas and walls. Another species, ‘Justicia brandegeeana’, is popular in tropical gardens and is used in traditional medicine in some regions. Additionally, ‘Acanthus mollis’, known as ‘bear’s breeches’, is valued for its ornamental foliage and has been used in classical architecture as inspiration for the design of capitals.
