Description: Adaptive indexing is an advanced technique in SQL optimization that allows for the dynamic adjustment of an index structure based on observed query patterns in a database. Unlike static indexes, which are created once and remain unchanged, adaptive indexing responds to variations in queries and workload, making it a more efficient and flexible solution. This technique relies on collecting statistics about index usage and identifying the most frequent or costly queries. As queries are executed, the system can modify the index structure by adding or removing columns, or even creating new indexes that optimize performance. Adaptive indexing not only improves query speed but also reduces index maintenance time, as it adapts to the changing needs of the database. In environments where data and queries are constantly evolving, this technique becomes essential for maintaining optimal performance and ensuring that applications relying on the database operate efficiently.