Description: The term ‘adversarial’ refers to a situation where two parties have conflicting interests, which is especially relevant in the context of security in blockchain and other technological systems. In this field, systems must be designed to withstand attacks from malicious actors seeking to exploit vulnerabilities. The adversarial nature of blockchain networks implies that participants must trust the integrity of the system and the veracity of transactions, despite the possibility that some nodes may act dishonestly. This translates into the need for robust consensus and security mechanisms that ensure that decisions made by the network are fair and that data is immutable. Adversariality also manifests in the competition between different blockchains and protocols, where each seeks to attract users and developers, leading to conflicts of interest and the need for interoperability between platforms. In summary, the concept of adversariality is fundamental to understanding the challenges and dynamics of blockchain technology and other technological landscapes, as it influences their design, implementation, and evolution.