Description: Agroecology is a scientific discipline that applies ecological concepts and principles to the design and management of sustainable agricultural systems. It focuses on the interrelationship between biological, social, and economic components of agriculture, promoting practices that respect the environment and foster biodiversity. Agroecology not only aims to increase food production but also cares for the health of soil, water, and surrounding ecosystems. This discipline integrates knowledge from various fields, such as biology, ecology, agronomy, and social sciences, to develop agricultural systems that are resilient and adaptable to climate change and the needs of local communities. Furthermore, agroecology promotes the active participation of farmers in decision-making, fostering a collaborative approach that respects local traditions and indigenous knowledge. In this sense, agroecology presents itself as a viable alternative to conventional agriculture, which often relies on chemical inputs and practices that can be harmful to the environment. By prioritizing sustainability and social equity, agroecology positions itself as a comprehensive solution to the current challenges of food production and natural resource conservation.
History: Agroecology began to take shape in the 1920s when scientists like Swiss ecologist Hans Jenny started studying the relationship between soils and ecosystems. However, it was in the 1970s that the term ‘agroecology’ became popular, thanks to researchers like Miguel Altieri, who promoted its use as an approach to sustainable agriculture. Over the years, agroecology has evolved, incorporating principles from organic farming and permaculture, and has gained international recognition as a key strategy to address issues such as climate change and food security.
Uses: Agroecology is used in various agricultural practices, such as crop rotation, cover cropping, agroforestry, and integrating livestock into farming systems. These practices help improve soil health, increase biodiversity, and reduce reliance on chemical inputs. Additionally, agroecology is applied in the education and training of farmers, promoting a holistic approach that considers both ecological and social aspects of agriculture.
Examples: An example of agroecology can be seen in family farming practices in Latin America, where farmers use traditional techniques combined with scientific knowledge to cultivate sustainably. Another case is agroforestry, where trees and crops are integrated into the same system, improving biodiversity and soil productivity. In Europe, initiatives like biodynamic farming also reflect agroecological principles by focusing on soil health and sustainability.
