Description: Alternative fuels are those that are not derived from petroleum and can be used as substitutes for gasoline or diesel. These fuels include a variety of energy sources that aim to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and promote a more sustainable future. Among their main characteristics are the ability to be renewable, such as bioethanol and biodiesel, and their potential to be produced from organic waste or specific crops. The relevance of alternative fuels lies in their crucial role in the transition to a cleaner and more sustainable energy system, contributing to the fight against climate change and air pollution. Additionally, their development and use foster technological innovation and diversification of energy sources, which can lead to greater energy security and job creation in emerging sectors.
History: The concept of alternative fuels began to take shape in the 20th century, especially during the oil crisis of the 1970s, when dependence on oil became evident. Since then, research and development in biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, have gained popularity in the following decades. In the 1990s, interest in alternative fuels grew due to environmental concerns and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The implementation of government policies and subsidies in various countries also boosted their development.
Uses: Alternative fuels are primarily used in transportation, where they can replace gasoline and diesel in vehicles. They are also employed in electricity generation, in industrial boilers, and in heat production. Additionally, some alternative fuels, such as hydrogen, are being explored for use in fuel cells, which offer a clean alternative for vehicles and industrial applications.
Examples: Examples of alternative fuels include bioethanol, which is produced from corn or sugarcane and used in internal combustion engine vehicles; biodiesel, which is made from vegetable oils and animal fats; and hydrogen, which can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity. Another example is compressed natural gas (CNG), which is used in public transport vehicles and commercial fleets.
