Description: An amino acid biosensor is an analytical device that measures the concentration of amino acids in a sample, using biological and electrochemical principles. These biosensors combine a biological element, such as enzymes or antibodies, with a transducer that converts the biological signal into an electrical signal. The specificity of amino acid biosensors allows for the detection and quantification of these essential compounds in various matrices, such as biological fluids, food, and environmental settings. Their relevance lies in the importance of amino acids in biological, nutritional, and metabolic processes, making them key indicators of health and product quality. Furthermore, their integration into Internet of Things (IoT) systems enables real-time monitoring and data collection, facilitating informed decision-making in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and the food industry.
History: Amino acid biosensors began to be developed in the 1970s, when the first electrochemical biosensors were introduced. Over the years, the technology has evolved, incorporating advances in biotechnology and nanotechnology. In 1983, the use of biosensors for the detection of specific amino acids was reported, marking a milestone in their application in food analysis and biomedical research. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of these devices, as well as their integration into real-time monitoring platforms.
Uses: Amino acid biosensors are used in various applications, including food quality monitoring, health assessment in clinical medicine, and research in biotechnology. In the food industry, they allow for the verification of product freshness and quality, while in the medical field, they are employed for the diagnosis of metabolic diseases and the monitoring of nutritional treatments. Additionally, their use in agriculture helps optimize crop growth by analyzing nutrients in the soil.
Examples: A practical example of an amino acid biosensor is the device developed to measure glutamine concentration in biological fluids, used in cellular metabolism studies. Another case is the biosensor that detects amino acids in dairy products, ensuring their quality and freshness. Biosensors have also been implemented in crop monitoring systems, where they analyze the availability of amino acids in the soil to improve fertilization.
