Description: Antioxidants are substances that inhibit the process of oxidation, a chemical phenomenon that can cause cellular damage. This damage is often the result of the action of free radicals, unstable molecules that can harm cellular structures, including DNA, proteins, and membranes. Antioxidants work by neutralizing these free radicals, thus protecting cells from oxidative stress. There are different types of antioxidants, which can be classified into two main categories: enzymatic antioxidants, produced by the body itself, and non-enzymatic antioxidants, obtained through diet. Among the most well-known antioxidants are vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium. The relevance of antioxidants lies in their potential to prevent chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, by reducing cellular damage. Additionally, antioxidants are widely studied in the field of nutrition and health, and their consumption is associated with better quality of life and longevity. In summary, antioxidants are essential for maintaining cellular health and preventing oxidative damage, making them a key component in the fight against various diseases.
History: The concept of antioxidants began to take shape in the 20th century when it was discovered that certain compounds could prevent oxidation in foods. In 1930, biochemist Paul Karrer identified vitamin E as an essential antioxidant. From the 1950s onwards, research on antioxidants expanded, particularly regarding their role in human health and disease prevention. In the 1980s, the term ‘oxidative stress’ was coined, leading to increased interest in antioxidants and their ability to combat cellular damage.
Uses: Antioxidants are used in various applications, both in the food industry and in medicine. In the food industry, antioxidants are added to products to extend their shelf life and prevent rancidity. In the health sector, antioxidants are used in dietary supplements and treatments for diseases related to aging and oxidative stress. They are also researched in the development of new drugs and therapies to combat chronic diseases.
Examples: Examples of antioxidants include vitamin C, found in fruits like oranges and strawberries; vitamin E, present in nuts and vegetable oils; and beta-carotene, found in carrots and spinach. In the health sector, antioxidant supplements, such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and tocopherol (vitamin E), are popular among those seeking to improve their overall well-being and prevent diseases.
