Description: Aortic stenosis is a heart disorder characterized by the narrowing of the opening of the aortic valve, which can obstruct blood flow from the heart to the aorta and, consequently, to the rest of the body. This narrowing can be caused by various conditions, including aging, which leads to calcification of the valve, or congenital malformations that affect its structure. Symptoms of aortic stenosis may include fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fainting, especially during exercise. The severity of the condition can vary, and in severe cases, it can lead to serious complications such as heart failure. Diagnosis is made through echocardiograms and other imaging studies that assess the degree of narrowing and its impact on heart function. Treatment may include medications to manage symptoms, but in many cases, surgical intervention, such as repair or replacement of the aortic valve, is required to restore adequate blood flow and improve the patient’s quality of life.
History: Aortic stenosis has been recognized for centuries, although its understanding has significantly evolved. In the 19th century, advances in auscultation allowed physicians to identify heart murmurs associated with this condition. Throughout the 20th century, imaging techniques such as echocardiography improved the diagnosis and assessment of aortic stenosis. In the 1960s, the first artificial heart valves were introduced, revolutionizing the treatment of this disease. Since then, aortic valve replacement surgery has become a common and effective procedure.
Uses: Aortic stenosis is primarily used in the medical context to describe a condition that requires clinical attention. Its diagnosis and treatment are fundamental in cardiology, and it is employed in the evaluation of patients with cardiac symptoms. Additionally, it is used in research studies to better understand the pathophysiology of heart diseases and develop new therapies.
Examples: An example of aortic stenosis is a 75-year-old patient who presents symptoms of fatigue and shortness of breath during daily activities. After an echocardiogram, he is diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis and aortic valve replacement is decided. Another case could be a young person with a congenital malformation who presents similar symptoms and requires surgical intervention to correct the aortic valve.
