Description: Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways in the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. This disease is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which can lead to episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing, especially at night or during physical activity. Symptoms can vary in intensity and frequency and can be triggered by various factors such as allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, weather changes, and stress. Asthma can affect people of all ages, although it is often diagnosed in childhood. Managing asthma involves the use of medications such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, as well as identifying and avoiding triggers. Patient education and regular follow-up are essential for controlling the disease and improving the quality of life for those affected.
History: The term ‘asthma’ comes from the Greek ‘ásmatos’, meaning ‘difficulty in breathing’. The understanding of asthma has evolved over the centuries. In ancient times, it was believed to be caused by imbalances in bodily fluids. During the 19th century, more systematic studies of the disease began, and in the 20th century, more effective treatments, such as bronchodilators, were developed. Today, research continues to better understand the underlying mechanisms of asthma and improve treatment options.
Uses: Asthma is primarily managed through medications that help control symptoms and prevent attacks. Rescue inhalers, which contain bronchodilators, are used to relieve acute symptoms, while inhaled corticosteroids are common for long-term control. Additionally, pulmonary function tests are used to assess the severity of asthma and guide treatment.
Examples: A practical example of asthma medication use is the albuterol inhaler, which is used to quickly relieve symptoms during an asthma attack. Another example is the use of inhaled corticosteroids, such as fluticasone, which are prescribed for daily control of airway inflammation.
