Description: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by the accumulation of deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the walls of arteries, forming plaques that can obstruct blood flow. This condition can affect any artery in the body but is most common in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, and in the carotid arteries, which carry blood to the brain. As plaques accumulate, arteries become narrower and stiffer, potentially leading to serious complications such as heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a process that can begin in childhood and progress slowly over the years, often without obvious symptoms until an acute event occurs. Risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and an unhealthy diet can accelerate its development. Early detection and proper management are crucial to prevent its most severe consequences.
History: The term atherosclerosis was introduced in the 19th century by French physician Jean Lobstein, although the understanding of the disease has significantly evolved since then. In the 1900s, more systematic studies began on the relationship between diet and cardiovascular diseases. In 1953, Dr. Ancel Keys presented the hypothesis that saturated fats in the diet were related to atherosclerosis, leading to increased interest in heart disease prevention. Throughout the 20th century, diagnostic and treatment methods were developed, including angiography and bypass surgery, which have improved the care of patients with atherosclerosis.
Uses: Atherosclerosis is used as a medical term to describe a condition that requires clinical attention. Its diagnosis is crucial for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Physicians use tests such as echocardiograms, angiograms, and blood tests to assess the risk of atherosclerosis in patients. Additionally, identifying associated risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes, allows for the implementation of prevention and treatment strategies.
Examples: An example of the application of atherosclerosis in clinical practice is the use of statins, medications that help lower cholesterol levels and thus reduce the risk of atherosclerosis progression. Another case is the performance of angioplasties in patients with blocked arteries, where stents are used to open affected arteries and restore blood flow.
