Description: The term ‘biodegradable’ refers to the ability of a material to be broken down by biological agents, such as microorganisms, in a natural process. This decomposition process results in the conversion of materials into simpler substances, such as water, carbon dioxide, and biomass, without leaving toxic residues. Biodegradability is a crucial characteristic in the context of sustainability, as it allows products to safely integrate into the natural cycle, thereby reducing waste accumulation in the environment. Biodegradable materials can be of natural origin, such as paper, wood, and certain types of biobased plastics, or they can be synthetic, specifically designed to decompose under specific environmental conditions. The importance of biodegradable materials lies in their potential to mitigate the environmental impact of waste, promoting a more circular approach to production and consumption. As awareness of pollution and climate change grows, the search for biodegradable alternatives has intensified, driving innovation in the development of new materials and technologies that favor sustainability.
History: The concept of biodegradability has existed since living beings began to decompose organic matter in nature. However, the term began to gain relevance in the 1960s when growing concerns about environmental pollution and the use of non-biodegradable plastics led to research on materials that could safely decompose. In 1970, the first biodegradable plastics were introduced, although their production and use did not become widespread until the late 20th and early 21st centuries when technology and environmental awareness began to align.
Uses: Biodegradable materials are used in a variety of applications, including packaging, cleaning products, disposable utensils, and textiles. In the food sector, biodegradable packaging is employed to reduce the environmental impact of waste. In agriculture, biodegradable plastics are used to cover crops, helping to improve soil health and reduce pollution. Additionally, in the medical industry, biodegradable devices are being developed that can decompose in the body after fulfilling their function.
Examples: Examples of biodegradable materials include starch, which is used in bags and packaging, and PLA (polylactic acid), a plastic derived from renewable resources like corn. Also found are products such as disposable cutlery and plates made from sugarcane or recycled paper, which decompose more quickly and safely compared to conventional plastics.
