Description: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in the world, in a particular habitat or ecosystem. This concept encompasses species diversity, genetic variability within those species, and the diversity of ecosystems that host these species. Biodiversity is fundamental for the functioning of ecosystems, as each species plays a specific role in its environment, contributing to the stability and resilience of the system as a whole. The loss of biodiversity can lead to ecosystem degradation, affecting their ability to provide essential services such as pollination, water purification, and climate regulation. Additionally, biodiversity is crucial for human health, as many medicines and food resources come from biological diversity. In an increasingly urbanized world affected by climate change, biodiversity conservation has become a global priority, driving initiatives aimed at protecting habitats and endangered species.
History: The term ‘biodiversity’ was coined in 1988 by biologist Edward O. Wilson during the National Academy of Sciences’ Biodiversity Conference in the USA. Since then, biodiversity has been the subject of increasing study and concern, especially following the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, where the Convention on Biological Diversity was signed. This event marked a milestone in global awareness of the importance of conserving biodiversity and ecosystems.
Uses: Biodiversity is used in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation. In medicine, many drugs are derived from compounds found in plants and animals. In agriculture, genetic diversity of crops is essential for developing varieties resistant to pests and diseases. Additionally, biodiversity is fundamental for ecotourism, which promotes the conservation of natural habitats and supports local economies.
Examples: An example of biodiversity is the Amazon rainforest, which hosts one of the highest concentrations of species on the planet. Another case is the use of the cinchona plant, from which quinine is extracted, a treatment for malaria. In agriculture, the diversity of maize varieties in Mexico is crucial for food security and adaptation to climate change.
