Description: Biodiversity hotspots are geographical regions that host a large number of endemic species, meaning species that are not found anywhere else in the world. These areas are crucial for biodiversity conservation as they represent unique ecosystems that have evolved in isolation. However, despite their biological richness, biodiversity hotspots face significant threats due to human activity, such as deforestation, urbanization, and climate change. Identifying these hotspots is essential to prioritize conservation efforts, as their loss could lead to the extinction of numerous species. Generally, a biodiversity hotspot must meet two criteria: it must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants that are endemic and have lost at least 70% of its original habitat. These places are not only important ecologically but also hold cultural and economic value, as many communities depend on the natural resources these ecosystems provide. Therefore, conserving biodiversity hotspots is an urgent and essential task to maintain the health of the planet and the diversity of life it harbors.
History: The concept of ‘biodiversity hotspot’ was popularized in 1988 by ecologist Norman Myers, who identified 25 areas worldwide that met the criteria of being rich in endemic species and threatened. Since then, this term has evolved and expanded, with research adding more regions to the list and refining the identification criteria. The idea has been fundamental in mobilizing conservation efforts and has influenced environmental policies at a global level.
Uses: Biodiversity hotspots are primarily used in conservation planning and natural resource management. By identifying these areas, conservationists can prioritize efforts and resources to protect critical ecosystems and endangered species. They are also used in research studies to understand the evolution and ecology of species, as well as in environmental education to raise awareness about the importance of biodiversity.
Examples: Examples of biodiversity hotspots include the Tropical Andes, the Himalayas, and the Mediterranean region. These areas are recognized for their high species diversity and vulnerability to habitat loss. For instance, the Tropical Andes host thousands of plant and animal species that are found nowhere else in the world but are threatened by agriculture and mining.
