Description: Bioethanol is a type of ethanol produced from biomass through biological processes. This renewable biofuel is primarily obtained from organic materials such as sugarcane, corn, sugar beets, and other crops rich in sugars or starches. Its production involves the fermentation of these materials, where microorganisms like yeast convert sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Bioethanol presents itself as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, as its use can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, its production can be integrated into agricultural systems, promoting the circular economy and efficient resource use. In terms of characteristics, bioethanol is a colorless and volatile liquid that can be blended with gasoline to enhance performance and reduce dependence on non-renewable fuels. Its relevance in the current context lies in the search for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, aligning with global goals for climate change mitigation and the transition to low-carbon economies.
History: The use of ethanol as a fuel dates back to ancient times, but modern bioethanol production began in the 19th century. In 1898, German chemist Karl Friedrich Benz used ethanol in one of his early internal combustion engines. However, it was in the 1970s, during the oil crisis, that interest in biofuels, including bioethanol, resurfaced. In the United States, the ethanol program began to gain momentum in the 1980s, with the implementation of policies that encouraged its production and use. Since then, bioethanol production technology has evolved, incorporating more efficient and sustainable methods.
Uses: Bioethanol is primarily used as a biofuel in transportation, where it is blended with gasoline to form fuels like E10 (10% ethanol) or E85 (85% ethanol). Additionally, it is employed in the chemical industry as a raw material for the production of chemicals and plastics. It is also used in energy generation, both in power plants and heating systems. Its use in the food industry is less common, but it can be found in the production of alcoholic beverages and as a preservative.
Examples: A notable example of bioethanol use is Brazil’s ethanol program, which has promoted the use of sugarcane ethanol as fuel for vehicles since the 1970s. Another case is that of flex-fuel vehicles in the United States, which can run on blends of ethanol and gasoline. In Europe, countries like Sweden and Germany have implemented policies to increase the use of bioethanol in their transportation fleets.
