Description: A biological database is a storage system specifically designed to handle biological data, including DNA, RNA, and protein sequences, as well as molecular structures and related functional data. These databases enable the organization, retrieval, and analysis of biological information efficiently, facilitating research in fields such as genetics, molecular biology, and bioinformatics. Biological databases are fundamental for advancing knowledge in biology, as they provide centralized access to large volumes of data that can be used for comparative studies, phylogenetic analyses, and discoveries of new biological functions. Additionally, they often include analysis and visualization tools that allow researchers to interpret the data more effectively. Interoperability between different databases is also a key feature, as it enables the integration of information from various sources, enriching the analysis and understanding of biological data. In summary, biological databases are essential resources that drive scientific research and the development of new technologies in the fields of biology and medicine.
History: Biological databases began to develop in the 1970s, with the creation of the first DNA sequence database, GenBank, in 1982. As molecular biology advanced, the need to store and share biological data grew, leading to the establishment of other important databases such as EMBL and DDBJ. In the 1990s, with the rise of genome sequencing, numerous databases were established to manage the explosion of genomic data. The introduction of high-throughput sequencing technologies in the 2000s further expanded the need for biological databases, which now include not only sequences but also structural and functional data.
Uses: Biological databases are used in a variety of applications, including genetic research, protein analysis, sequence comparison, and gene identification. They are key tools in bioinformatics, where they enable scientists to perform complex analyses and extract meaningful information from large biological datasets. They are also used in drug development, where researchers can search for information on target proteins and their interactions. Additionally, they are essential for education and training in biology, providing accessible resources for students and professionals.
Examples: Examples of biological databases include GenBank, which stores DNA sequences; UniProt, which provides information on proteins; and PDB (Protein Data Bank), which contains data on three-dimensional structures of proteins. Other notable databases are KEGG, which focuses on metabolic pathways and genomic functions, and Ensembl, which offers information on genomes of different species.
