Description: A biopsy is a medical test that involves the extraction of cells or tissues for examination. This procedure is fundamental in diagnosing various diseases, especially in the oncological field, as it allows for determining the nature of a lesion or tumor. Biopsies can be performed in different ways, including techniques such as fine needle aspiration biopsy, incisional biopsy, or excisional biopsy, depending on the location and size of the required sample. The obtained sample is analyzed in a laboratory, where cellular and tissue characteristics are studied, helping doctors to formulate an accurate diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment. Biopsies are not only crucial for detecting cancer but are also used in diagnosing infections, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory disorders. Their relevance lies in providing vital information that cannot be obtained through imaging tests or blood analyses, making them an indispensable tool in modern medicine for evaluating patient health.
History: The term ‘biopsy’ comes from the Greek ‘bio’ meaning life and ‘opsis’ meaning view. Although the practice of extracting tissues for analysis dates back to antiquity, the formal development of biopsy as a medical procedure began in the 19th century. In 1820, German physician Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach performed one of the first documented biopsies. Over time, the technique has evolved with advancements in medical technology, allowing for less invasive and more precise methods.
Uses: Biopsy is primarily used to diagnose cancer, but it is also useful in evaluating infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions. It is applied in various medical specialties, including oncology, dermatology, gastroenterology, and pathology. Additionally, it can be performed on different parts of the body, such as skin, liver, kidneys, and lungs.
Examples: An example of a biopsy is fine needle aspiration biopsy, which is commonly used to evaluate nodules in the thyroid. Another case is skin biopsy, which is performed to diagnose dermatological diseases such as melanoma. Endoscopic biopsy is also used to obtain samples from the gastrointestinal tract.
