Description: Biosafety refers to a set of measures and practices designed to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, as well as to protect public health, the environment, and biodiversity. This concept encompasses a wide range of strategies implemented in laboratories, research facilities, farms, and other environments where biological organisms are manipulated. Biosafety involves identifying potential risks, implementing appropriate controls, and promoting safe practices to minimize the possibility of incidents that could result in the accidental release of pathogenic agents or exposure of people and animals to toxic substances. The main characteristics of biosafety include risk assessment, staff training, the use of personal protective equipment, and the establishment of emergency response protocols. Its relevance has grown in recent decades, especially with the increase in biotechnological research and concerns about food safety and public health. In an increasingly interconnected world, biosafety has become an essential component to ensure safety in the handling of genetically modified organisms, research on infectious diseases, and sustainable agricultural production.
History: The concept of biosafety began to take shape in the 1980s in response to growing concerns about the risks associated with biotechnology and the manipulation of genetically modified organisms. In 1992, the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was held, where biosafety principles were discussed. Subsequently, in 2000, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted, establishing an international framework for biosafety in the transfer, handling, and use of living modified organisms.
Uses: Biosafety is used in various areas, including biomedical research, agriculture, animal production, and environmental conservation. In laboratories, biosafety practices are implemented to handle pathogens and toxins, ensuring the safety of personnel and the environment. In agriculture, biosafety measures are applied to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases in crops and livestock. Additionally, in conservation, biosafety protocols are used to protect endangered species from introduced diseases.
Examples: An example of biosafety in action is the use of physical barriers and decontamination procedures in laboratories working with dangerous viruses, such as the Ebola virus. In agriculture, poultry farms implement biosafety measures, such as access control and equipment disinfection, to prevent outbreaks of avian influenza. Another case is the use of biosafety protocols in species conservation, where health tests are conducted on animals before their reintroduction into the wild.
