Description: Biosensors are devices that use biological molecules, such as enzymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids, to detect specific substances in a given environment. These devices combine principles of biology and technology to provide a quantitative or qualitative response to the presence of an analyte, which can be a chemical compound, a pathogen, or any other substance of interest. The main feature of biosensors is their ability to convert a biological signal into an electrical signal, allowing for analysis and measurement. Their relevance lies in their application in various fields, such as medicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring, where accurate and rapid detection of substances is crucial. Additionally, biosensors are an integral part of modern technology, contributing to sustainability by enabling more efficient monitoring of resources and public health, and aligning with emerging trends such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and smart systems, where interconnectivity enhances their functionality and reach.
History: Biosensors began to be developed in the 1960s when the first devices combining biological components with transducers were introduced. One of the most significant milestones was the creation of the first enzyme-based biosensor by L. C. Clark in 1962, which was used to measure blood glucose levels. Since then, the technology has evolved significantly, with advancements in miniaturization and the integration of digital technologies, allowing for the creation of more precise and versatile biosensors.
Uses: Biosensors are used in a variety of applications, including health monitoring, where they allow for the control of glucose, cholesterol, and other biomarkers in patients. They are also essential in the food industry for detecting contaminants and ensuring product quality. In the environmental field, they are used for monitoring pollutants in water and air, contributing to sustainability and environmental protection.
Examples: An example of a biosensor is the glucometer, which measures blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Another example is the biosensor used to detect the presence of pathogens in food, such as E. coli, ensuring food safety. Additionally, biosensors are being developed for monitoring pollutants in water, such as heavy metals, which helps protect water resources.
