Description: Digital evidence collection is the methodical process of obtaining, preserving, and analyzing digital data from electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones, and servers, with the aim of maintaining the integrity of the information. This process is fundamental in the field of digital forensics, where the validity and authenticity of evidence are crucial for its use in legal proceedings. Collection is carried out following specific protocols that ensure data is not altered during capture. This includes creating forensic images, which are exact copies of storage devices, and using specialized tools to prevent modification of original data. Digital evidence collection not only involves obtaining files but also encompasses recovering deleted information, analyzing metadata, and identifying behavioral patterns. Proper collection of this evidence is essential for establishing facts in criminal investigations, legal disputes, and security audits, ensuring that the information obtained is admissible in court and that due process is respected.
History: Digital evidence collection began to take shape in the 1980s with the rise of personal computers and the use of digital technology in everyday life. As cybercrime began to increase, the need for systematic methods for collecting and analyzing digital data became evident. In 1984, the term ‘digital forensics’ was coined, and since then, the discipline has evolved significantly, incorporating new technologies and techniques. Key events include the creation of specialized forensic tools and the establishment of standards and best practices in digital evidence collection, such as those developed by organizations like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Uses: Digital evidence collection is primarily used in criminal investigations, where obtaining data from electronic devices is required to identify perpetrators and reconstruct events. It is also applied in cases of fraud, civil disputes, and cybersecurity audits. Additionally, it is fundamental in data recovery situations, as well as in investigating cybersecurity incidents, where the aim is to understand the scope and nature of an attack.
Examples: An example of digital evidence collection is the investigation of a hack into a public figure’s email account, where data from servers and devices was collected to trace the source of the attack. Another case is the analysis of mobile devices in drug-related crime investigations, where messages and call logs are extracted to establish connections between suspects.
