Description: Distributed routing refers to a routing method where routing decisions are made by multiple nodes in the network. This approach allows each router or node in the network to maintain its own routing table and share information with other nodes to determine the best path for data traffic. Unlike centralized routing, where a single entity makes all decisions, distributed routing encourages collaboration among nodes, which can result in greater resilience and adaptability to changes in network topology. Routing protocols, such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), are examples of systems that implement this approach, using algorithms to calculate the most efficient routes based on the link-state and path information that each node collects and shares. This methodology is particularly useful in large and complex networks, where scalability and efficiency are crucial for overall network performance.
History: Distributed routing began to take shape in the 1980s with the development of protocols such as RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and OSPF. OSPF was designed in 1988 by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) as a response to the limitations of RIP, which did not scale well in large networks. OSPF introduced the concept of link-state, allowing routers to exchange information about the network topology more efficiently. Since then, distributed routing has evolved with the introduction of new protocols and improvements in networking technology.
Uses: Distributed routing is primarily used in large-scale networks, such as those of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and large organizations. It allows for more efficient traffic management, optimizing resource use and improving network resilience in the event of failures. Additionally, it is essential in the implementation of Wide Area Networks (WANs) and in the interconnection of multiple Local Area Networks (LANs).
Examples: A practical example of distributed routing is the use of OSPF in a corporate network connecting multiple branches. Each router in the network uses OSPF to exchange information about the network topology, allowing each to calculate the most efficient route for data traffic. Another example is the use of BGP in the interconnection of different Internet Service Provider networks, where each AS (Autonomous System) makes routing decisions based on policies and information received from other ASes.
