Description: Domain transition is the process of changing the security context of a process in an operating system that implements a mandatory access control (MAC) security model. This model is based on the concept of mandatory access control, where each process and object in the system has an associated security context. Domain transition allows a process to change its security context to another, which is crucial for the execution of applications that require different levels of privilege or access to resources. This mechanism is fundamental for security, as it limits the actions a process can perform based on its context. For example, a process that starts as a normal user may need to change to a more privileged context to perform certain tasks, such as accessing sensitive files or interacting with other processes. Domain transition is defined in security policies, which specify when and how these changes can occur, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of the system is maintained. This process not only enhances security but also allows for more granular management of permissions and access within the operating system, which is essential in environments where security is a priority.
History: Domain transition originated from the need to enhance security in operating systems. Security models like SELinux were developed in response to growing concerns about security in computing environments. As these models evolved, more sophisticated access control mechanisms were incorporated, including domain transition, which allows processes to change their security context in a controlled manner. This development was part of a broader effort to implement stricter and more effective security policies in operating systems, especially in those used in critical environments.
Uses: Domain transition is primarily used in environments where security is critical, such as web servers, databases, and government information systems. It allows applications to run processes with different privilege levels, which is essential for limiting access to sensitive resources. For example, a web server may need to run scripts in a different security context than its main process to protect the system from potential vulnerabilities. Additionally, domain transition is useful in implementing customized security policies that cater to the specific needs of an organization.
Examples: An example of domain transition is when a web server process needs to execute a script. In this case, the server process can start the script in a different security context that allows it to access specific resources, such as databases or configuration files, without compromising the security of the main process. Another example is the use of system services that require elevated permissions to perform administrative tasks, such as software installation or user management, where domain transition allows these processes to run securely.
