Description: Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viral, bacterial, or autoimmune infections. This medical condition is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and in severe cases, it can lead to loss of consciousness or even death. Encephalitis can affect people of all ages, although children and the elderly are more vulnerable. The severity of the disease varies, ranging from mild forms that resolve without treatment to severe cases that require urgent medical attention. Diagnosis is made through a combination of clinical evaluation, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, and imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the inflammation and may include antivirals, antibiotics, or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Encephalitis is a serious medical condition that can have long-term consequences, including persistent neurological problems, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment.
History: The term ‘encephalitis’ comes from the Greek ‘enkephalos’, meaning brain, and ‘itis’, referring to inflammation. Although encephalitis has been recognized since ancient times, its understanding has significantly evolved. In the 19th century, different types of encephalitis began to be identified, such as lethargic encephalitis, which was associated with an epidemic in 1916. Throughout the 20th century, advances were made in identifying viruses responsible for encephalitis, such as the herpes simplex virus and the rabies virus, leading to better diagnosis and treatment.
